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Biopsy is often performed to
diagnose diseases and lesions of various organs including:
- Bone biopsy is performed for people with bone
pain and other indicators of bone cancer.
- Bone marrow biopsy is performed in cases
of abnormal blood counts, such as unexplained anemia, high white cell count, and low
platelet count. In adults, the sample is usually taken from the pelvic bone.
- Breast
biopsy is performed to confirm if a lesion is benign or malignant
- Cervical biopsy is often performed
endoscopically to diagnose cervical cancer or other cervical diseases. Methods of cervical
biopsy include the cervical punch and cone biopsy.
- Joint biopsy is usually guided by arthroscopy. A tissue specimen is taken from
the synovial membrane that lines the joint. Joint biopsy can diagnose gout, pseudogout,
bacterial infections, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis or Reiter's disease.
- Kidney biopsy can be performed to
diagnose a long list of disorders. When renal function is diminished by an unknown cause
or when imaging exams such as CT , Ultrasound, Nuclear, or MRI show abnormalities but
cannot differentiate between some of the possible causes.
- Liver biopsy may help identify liver
disorders and diagnose abnormalities as benign or malignant.
- Lymph node biopsy can be done to look
for diseases such as chronic lymphatic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, infectious
mononucleosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Lymph node biopsy can also diagnose if cancer has
spread from the primary location into the lymphatic system. This can help the physician
determine the stage of cancer.
- Lung biopsy is performed to confirm
diagnosis of widespread lung disease and to diagnose abnormalities. Lung biopsy is done to
confirm cancer or other lung disease. Lung biopsy can also examine tissue from the trachea
(wind pipe) and bronchi (major air passages of the lungs).
- Pleural biopsy is sampling of the
pleura, the sac that covers the lungs. Pleural biopsy is done to differentiate between
malignant and non-malignant disease and to diagnose viral, fungal, or parasitic disease
and collagen vascular disease of the pleura.
- Prostate biopsy is done to confirm or
rule our prostate cancer or to determine the cause of prostate enlargement or elevated
serum prostate markers (PSA: prostate specific antigen).
- Small Intestine biopsy is often
performed to determine what may be causing diarrhea or poor absorption in the intestine.
- Skin biopsy is often done to test for
malignant cancer and to diagnose chronic bacterial or fungal skin infections.
- Synovial biopsy is a type of endoscopic
biopsy used to sample synovial tissue from the surface of a joint.
- Thyroid and parathyroid biopsy is done
to diagnose people with thyroid enlargement or nodules, breathing and swallowing
difficulties, vocal chord paralysis and other problems such as unexplainable weight loss.
Thyroid biopsy may be used to diagnose Hashimoto's disease, hyperthyroidism, and nontoxic
nodular goiter.
Biopsy may also be performed to sample
the following organs to test for cancer and other disease: adrenal gland, biliary tract,
bladder, carpal tunnel, colon, endometrium, gingiva (gums), heart, muscle, nerve, salivary
gland, small bowel, mouth, nasal mucosa, rectum, testicle, throat, and tongue.
Updated: December 30, 2008
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